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「The literature review and two own researches, involving 154 children from 6 to 15 years and 408 children from 6 to 17 years, resulted in the proposed systematization of stained plaques, based on plaque color, its localization, degree of cariogenicity and classes of associated diseases (according to the international classification of diseases, 10th revision - ICD 10).」

「The main objective of this study was to investigate how dental trauma, as well as repeated dental trauma affects the occurrence and development of dental fear in children.」

「Between 2004 and 2019, 29.3% (1564 of 5229) of teeth replaced by dental implants at UNC School of Dentistry had undergone root canal treatment, with the mandibular first molar being the most commonly replaced tooth.」

「Typical trigger factors are periodontal disease, denture pressure sores, and surgical interventions such as tooth extractions.」

「This report presents a case of successful ATT of a maxillary right third molar for replacement of mandibular right second molar with a concomitant endodontic-periodontal disease.」

「List the indications for tooth extraction, know indications for potential oral/dental treatments beyond subgingival and supragingival scaling and polishing or extraction, and determine whether the professional treatment that may be indicated, such as root canal treatment or mass resection of oral tissues, requires referral for specialist-level expertise and instrumentation.」

「The aim of the study is to report clinical outcomes of autogenous tooth transplantation (ATT) of fully developed third molars following the extraction of periodontally hopeless teeth as a part of the treatment of a stage III, grade C, molar-incisor pattern (MIP) periodontitis case.」

「Bacterial invasion into pulps of primary teeth can lead to infection and premature tooth loss in children.」

「Dental pulp stem cells isolated from the maxillary left third molar were transplanted into the root canal 17 weeks after ATT.」

「Key words:Ankylosis, Chronic Periodontitis, Periodontal Attachment Loss, Root Resorption, Tooth Replantation, Tooth Extraction.」

「Clinical relevance The findings highlight the potential of PEEK prefabricated crowns in pediatric dentistry as a viable option for the aesthetic restoration of primary teeth, offering benefits over traditional materials like stainless steel and zirconia in terms of preferable compressive and fatigue strengths and ideal reduction of dental abutments.」

「For anterior teeth, where aesthetics are extremely essential, the majority of dentists prefer more conservative and aesthetic treatments, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations over full-ceramic crowns.」

「Currently, the restoration of missing teeth by means of dental implants is a common treatment method in dentistry.」

「Due to the high prevalence of dental caries, fixed dental restorations are regularly required to restore compromised teeth or replace missing teeth while retaining function and aesthetic appearance.」

「Treatment involved at-home bleaching, implant placement, porcelain veneers, ceramic onlays, ceramic crowns, and bonded cantilever ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).」

「A microabrasion technique with 6% hydrochloric acid associated with silica carbide showed to be a safe and efficient method for removing white fluorosis stains, while dental bleaching was useful for obtaining a uniform tooth shade.」

「After clinical examination revealed esthetic alterations as generalized tooth yellowish discoloration, a slight diastema in the upper anterior region, and a shortened appearance of maxillary dental crowns, providing a gingival smile.」

「Most dentists prefer more conservative and aesthetic approaches, such as direct or indirect veneer restorations, instead of full-ceramic crowns for anteriors where aesthetics is really important.」

「Various treatment approaches for restoring missing teeth are being utilized nowadays by using artificial dental crowns/bridges or the use of dental implants.」

「This diagnosis provided the opportunity to orthodontically reposition the teeth, and then achieve normal function and esthetic success with either indirect porcelain adhesively retained or additive direct resin restorations instead of more invasive, cohesively retained porcelain crowns.」

「Fifteen chronic periodontitis adult patients with at least two intrabony defects and requiring orthodontic treatment for abnormalities in occlusion were included.」

「This case report describes the orthodontic treatment used to prepare for restorative dentistry, aimed at the functional rehabilitation of an adult patient with Class I malocclusion, right posterior crossbite, and significant tooth wear on the palatal face of the maxillary canine to canine.」

「The results of the analyses showed that orthodontic treatment in lingual inclination and axial rotation with a 0.75 mm-thick aligner resulted in 6% and 0.03% higher principal stresses in the periodontal ligament than the same treatment using a 0.05 mm-thick aligner, respectively.」

「The patient received PhMT, which includes nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing), bone grafting (allograft), and orthodontic treatment (correcting tooth placement).」

「The patient was treated with clear aligners, which effectively controlled the strength and direction of orthodontic forces after 3 months of systematic periodontal treatment.」

「本文报道1例上前牙美学区牙列缺损患者功能和美学重建的多学科联合治疗过程，通过正畸治疗纠正中线及异常的覆■覆盖，为种植修复提供空间；通过块状骨骨增量手术增加缺损区骨量，并通过即刻种植即刻修复、软组织成形完成冠修复。治疗结束后1个月及3年复查显示患者牙龈健康，龈缘顶点协调，牙冠形态及比例正常，咬合功能良好；根尖X线片示牙槽骨稳定。对于美学区牙列缺损患者，采用正畸、种植、修复等多学科联合治疗方案，可进行功能和美学重建。.」

「The subjects received orthodontic treatment with clear aligners.」

「The digital design of clear aligners facilitates the alignment of the upper and lower dental arches more effectively compared with fixed orthodontic treatment.」

「Proper selection of cases and reasonable design in clear aligner treatment are expected to obtain tooth alignment, good intercuspation, normal overbite and overjet, periodontal health, parallel roots, and to achieve the goal of aesthetic, functional, stable, and healthy orthodontic treatment. 术者诊断设计不当、矫治技术应用失误、正畸治疗后的复发以及患者依从性较差无法配合矫治等原因可导致患者对矫治结果不满意，寻求二次矫治。此类患者通常已减数，或伴牙周、关节、牙体或缺牙等问题，常需多学科联合治疗，二次矫治难度较大，可选方案受限。无托槽隐形矫治舒适美观，具备数字化精准化程度高、可个性化排牙模拟矫治后终末状态等特点，使其在失败病例的二次矫治中具有一定优势。本文通过展示无托槽隐形矫治在二次矫治病例中的应用实例，对矫治设计和监控细节进行讨论和总结。建议医师在接诊前利用无托槽隐形矫治难度评估工具对患者情况进行评估，接诊自身诊疗能力范围内的病例，以获得满意的矫治疗效。无托槽隐形矫治技术治疗减数病例的成功关键在于诊断正确，选对病例。在方案设计上，二次矫治应注意前牙转矩的恢复，利用推磨牙向后获得间隙，做好垂直向控制，改善后牙咬合关系。在无托槽隐形矫治中正确选择、谨慎纳入、合理设计，有望在二次矫治的疑难病例中获得牙排列整齐、尖窝交错、覆(牙合)覆盖正常、牙周健康、牙根平行的矫治效果，达到美观、功能、稳定、健康的矫治目标。.」

「After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances or clear aligners was performed.」